CANCER

CANCER

There are many different causes and risk factors for cancer, making it a complicated and diverse disease. Although the precise aetiology of cancer varies based on the type and unique circumstances of each case, the following important characteristics are frequently linked to a higher risk of cancer:

Genetics and Family History: The chance of developing cancer may be raised by specific genetic alterations. Certain individuals receive genetic mutations from their parents that increase their vulnerability to diseases including colorectal, ovarian, or breast cancer.

Environmental Factors: Some environmental pollutants can increase the risk of cancer through exposure. Tobacco smoke, asbestos, and certain chemicals are examples of carcinogens that can raise one's risk of acquiring cancer.

Lifestyle Factors: A person's lifestyle decisions have a big impact on their risk of cancer. An increased risk of several malignancies is linked to factors like obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, smoking, and excessive alcohol intake.

Infections: A number of bacteria and viruses have been connected to cancer. For example, hepatitis B and C viruses are linked to liver cancer, the human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to cervical cancer, and Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to stomach cancer.

Age: As people age, their risk of cancer typically rises. Older persons are more likely to get malignancies, most likely as a result of accumulating genetic mutations and ageing naturally.

Hormonal Factors: The course of some malignancies can be influenced by hormones. For instance, exposure to oestrogen has been connected to breast cancer, and the risk of cancer can also be impacted by some hormonal therapy.

Radiation Exposure: The risk of developing cancer can be raised by exposure to ionising radiation, which can occur from radiation therapy, specific medical imaging techniques, or ambient sources.

Immune System Function: A compromised immune system can raise the risk of cancer. This can be brought on by specific drugs, infections like HIV/AIDS, or genetic disorders.